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Hello and welcome to GMax Studios. My
name is Gorky M and today we are going
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to be talking about how to shoot video
on your camera, the best settings for
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this - including slow motion.
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Video is nothing but an optical illusion.
When a series of images is played back
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to you quickly due to persistence of
vision it seems that the object is
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moving seamlessly - and this is video!
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The
basic minimum frame rate required to
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create an illusion of seamless movement
is 24 frames a second 24 fps for 24
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images in 1 second.
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So 24 fps is the
standard frame rate at which modern
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motion pictures are shot. Any slower than
this and the image will not appear to
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move seamlessly.
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So if you are after that film look the
24fps setting on your camera is the one
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that you should use to shoot your videos.
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But is 24fps the best frame rate to shoot
at? Well, for me, living in India or for
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anybody living in India, Europe, rest of
the world except the Americas, Japan and
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a few other countries the best frame rate
in my opinion is 25 fps.
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Why 25fps? Well, for one, 25 FPS is very close
to the film rate of 24 fps.
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So much so, that it is practically
impossible to make out the difference.
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Secondly, if you are shooting at 25 fps in
these countries - you can shoot outdoor
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and indoor without fear because if
you're shooting indoor under domestic
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lights at any other frame rate like
let's say 30fps you might encounter
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banding because the electricity in these
countries is supplied at 50 Hertz.
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Thirdly, the professional television
broadcasting system followed in these
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countries is PAL which is based on the
25 fps frame rate. With lines between
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television and digital blurring, why
would you want to rule out the
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possibility of your content or footage
getting picked up by any major
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broadcaster. Well, if you live in the
Americas, Japan or any other country that
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follows the NTSC system, the standard
frame rate for you would be 30fps.
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Of course if you're shooting for digital
outdoor you can choose between any frame
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rate whether it is 25, 24 or 30.
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So what is
the best shutter speed to shoot your
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videos at? Well, our eyes are accustomed
to a certain amount of motion blur in
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real life and in order to replicate that
your shutter speed needs to be twice
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that of your frame rate. So, for example,
if you are shooting at 24 fps your
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shutter speed will be 1 by 50th of a
second since the camera does not have an
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option of 1 by 48. Similarly, if you are
shooting at 25 fps your shutter speed
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will still be 1 by 50th of a second.
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If you're shooting at 30fps your shutter
speed will be 1/60th.
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If your shutter speed is more or less
than double the frame rate, the motion
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blur does not seem quite natural.
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Now let's talk about the aperture.
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The cinematic look of video has largely
been associated with a shallow
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depth-of-field and in order to achieve
this you need a lens with a large
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aperture like the 50mm 1.8
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If you don't have such a lens then you
need to open the aperture on your
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existing lens as much as you can.
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Now opening the aperture comes with its
own set of problems especially if you're
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shooting in daylight. First the shutter
speed increases giving the video an
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unnatural look.
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In this case, you have no option but to
use an ND filter on the lens to bring
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down your shutter speed.
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Secondly,
opening the aperture creates a very
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shallow depth of field which makes it
very difficult to focus on moving
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objects. In this case, it might be wise or
prudent to stop down your aperture to
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2.8 4 or 5.6
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Talking about ISO - the ISO should be kept
as low as possible as we have discussed
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in many of our videos.
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So the big question is, how do you focus
when you are shooting video? Well, the
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short and the long answer to this is
that you manually focus because the
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autofocus system on most of the cameras
except for some top and ones is not
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really good and even if it is good it is
not really predictable. It is the last
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thing that you want while shooting a
video is that your camera starts hunting
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for focus or focuses on the wrong
subject.
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So if you want absolute creative
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control in terms of focus and timing -
manual focus is the only way to go
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because this is the way it is done in
even the biggest of films and television
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shows. In fact, the top end cine cameras
like Reds and Arris do not have autofocus
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at all.
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Now let's talk about slow-motion slow-mo
or high frame rate. Some cameras give you
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the option of shooting at 50 FPS 60 fps
100 FPS or even more and some people
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believe that shooting at these high
frame rates gives the footage a smoother
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look but I kind of disagree. Even Peter
Jackson shot "Hobbit" at 48 fps instead of
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24 and the audience quite did not like
it, probably for the same reason that I
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do not like it because it makes the
footage look kind of unreal. But if we
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take the same footage say shot at 50 fps,
lay it down in an editing software and
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play it back at the standard frame rate
of 25 fps, it gives a beautiful
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slow-motion. The higher the frame rate,
the slower the slow-motion will be.
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Remember that shooting high frame rate
your shutter speed still needs to be
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double that of the rate at which you are shooting.
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In some cameras you might have to switch
between NTSC and PAL to access the other
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frame rates.
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Some cameras give you the option of
shooting at 50i, 25p, ALL-l or IPB. These
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are nothing but the methods to control
the quality and the file size of your
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video. So remember that p is better than
i even though the file size might be
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larger and similarly ALL-I is better
than IPB.
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There is still a lot more to
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talk about as far as shooting video is
concerned like HD, full HD, UHD, 4K,
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bit rates and aspect ratios but we will
leave that for another time. If you have
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made it this far, please do subscribe to
our channel GMax Studios and until the
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next video, bye bye!!!
